Introduction

Building an underground home using shipping containers offers a unique blend of cost-effectiveness and sustainability. This guide explores how Steve Rees constructed his 640-square-foot underground home in Northern California for $30,000, or roughly $47 per square foot. By leveraging natural earth insulation and solar power, this innovative design maintains a comfortable temperature year-round without relying on city utilities.

Excavation and Container Placement

The first step involves excavating a site that can accommodate two shipping containers side by side. The containers are placed underground with their tops just above ground level to maximize insulation benefits. An excavator is used to dig the trench, ensuring it is level and wide enough to fit the containers securely. The trench should be dug to a depth of approximately 10 feet to ensure the containers are fully insulated by the earth.

Insulation Techniques

To prevent heat loss, the containers are insulated with a layer of foam board on the exterior walls and roof. This insulation is crucial for maintaining the home’s temperature stability. The foam board should be at least 4 inches thick to provide adequate insulation. The earth itself acts as an additional insulator, keeping the interior temperature consistent regardless of external conditions.

Interior Layout

The interior layout is designed to maximize space efficiency. The containers are connected with a small hallway, creating a single living space. The layout includes a kitchen, living area, and sleeping quarters, all within the compact 640 square feet. The design ensures that each area receives adequate natural light and ventilation. Windows are strategically placed to allow sunlight to enter the living areas during the day, reducing the need for artificial lighting.

Power and Water Systems

Solar Power
The home is powered by a solar panel array that covers the roof of the containers. This setup provides enough electricity to run all necessary appliances and lighting. The solar panels are connected to a battery bank to store excess energy generated during the day for use at night. A typical setup might include 10 solar panels, each with a capacity of 300 watts, and a battery bank with a total capacity of 12 volts and 200 amp-hours.
Water Supply
A solar-powered well pump supplies water to the home. The well is dug to a depth where water is accessible and connected to a storage tank. This system ensures a steady supply of water without relying on municipal water systems. The well should be at least 100 feet deep to ensure a reliable water supply.

Heating and Cooling

Natural Earth Cooling
The natural earth cooling system is the key to maintaining a comfortable temperature year-round. In winter, the earth’s temperature remains around 62°F, which is warmer than the outside air, reducing the need for heating. In summer, the earth’s temperature stays around 82°F, cooler than the external air, minimizing the need for air conditioning.
Heating
A catalytic heater is used for additional warmth in the coldest months. This heater burns propane and is designed to be energy-efficient, ensuring minimal fuel consumption while providing adequate heat. The heater should be placed in a central location to ensure even heat distribution throughout the home.

Summary

Building an underground shipping container home offers a unique solution for those seeking sustainable, off-grid living. By using natural earth insulation and solar power, this design ensures year-round comfort without the need for city utilities. The construction process, while labor-intensive, is cost-effective and can be completed with minimal professional help. This innovative approach to housing provides a blueprint for those interested in sustainable living.

TLDR: Building an underground shipping container home offers a unique blend of cost-effectiveness and sustainability, ensuring year-round comfort without city utilities.

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