Introduction
The Apiaceae family, commonly known as the Carrot Family, is a diverse group of plants that includes both edible and medicinal species, as well as highly toxic ones. Proper identification is crucial for survivalists and foragers, as misidentification can lead to severe illness or death. This guide will help you distinguish between safe and dangerous plants in this family.
Key Characteristics
To identify plants in the Apiaceae family, look for the following features:
– Umbel Flower Clusters: These are flat-topped flower heads that resemble umbrellas.
– Aromatic Roots: Many plants in this family have roots that emit a strong, distinctive scent.
– Divided Leaves: The leaves are typically compound and finely divided.
Edible Members
Wild Carrot (Daucus carota)
Wild carrots have smaller, fibrous roots compared to domestic carrots. They are less palatable but can be used as a spice substitute due to their aromatic leaves. The roots can be eaten raw or cooked.
Biscuit Roots (Lomatium spp.)
Biscuit roots were a staple food for Native Americans in the Pacific Northwest. These starchy roots can be roasted or boiled. However, they are rare in many regions and may not be widely available.
Bishop’s Weed (Aegopodium podagraria)
Bishop’s weed is often used as a spring green. It can be cooked and eaten to help eliminate uric acid from the body.
Medicinal Members
Osha (Ligusticum spp.)
Osha is used as an antimicrobial for treating respiratory infections. You can chew the root or infuse it in honey to create a traditional remedy.
Angelica (Angelica spp.)
Angelica species are used to treat respiratory, digestive, and circulatory issues. Dong Quai (A. sinensis) is particularly effective for blood-related conditions in Chinese medicine.
Rattlesnake Masters (Eryngium spp.)
Historically, rattlesnake masters were used for treating snakebites and as antidotes for poison. However, their use should be approached with caution and knowledge of local species.
Toxic Medicinals
Angelica venenosa (Deadly Angelica)
Indigenous peoples used this plant for poultices, but it is highly toxic. Avoid using it unless you have extensive knowledge and experience.
Sanicle (Sanicula spp.)
Sanicle contains toxic compounds but has been used as an antidote for snakebites. Its use should be limited to emergency situations and with caution.
Fatally Poisonous Members
Poison Hemlock (Conium maculatum)
Poison hemlock is one of the most dangerous plants in this family. It is known for its purple-spotted stems and a strong, mouse-like odor. Ingestion can be fatal, as it did to Socrates.
Water Hemlock (Cicuta spp.)
Water hemlock is considered the deadliest plant in North America. Even small amounts can cause rapid death. It is essential to avoid this plant entirely.
Identification Tips
- Avoid Strong Scent: If a plant has a strong carrot-like scent and you are unsure of its identity, it is best to avoid it.
- Check for Umbels: Look for the characteristic flat-topped flower clusters.
- Divided Leaves: The leaves should be compound and finely divided.
- Use Scientific Names: To avoid confusion, use scientific names like Conium for Hemlock and Cicuta for Water Hemlock.
Summary
Proper identification of plants in the Apiaceae family is crucial for survivalists and foragers. By understanding the key characteristics and knowing which species are safe to eat or use medicinally, you can make informed decisions in the field. Always approach potentially toxic plants with caution and seek expert advice if you are unsure.