Why This Skill Matters in an Emergency or Survival Situation

Access to clean water is crucial in emergency situations. Without it, dehydration and waterborne illnesses can quickly become life-threatening. DIY water projects can provide a reliable source of potable water when municipal supplies are unavailable or compromised.

What You Need

Materials

  • Large plastic containers (at least 5 gallons each)
  • Water filter (gravity-fed or pump)
  • Bleach (unscented, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite)
  • Water bottles or jugs for storage
  • Clean rags or paper towels
  • Funnel
  • Permanent marker

Tools

  • Knife or scissors for cutting plastic containers
  • Drill with bits for making small holes
  • Measuring cup
  • Stirring stick or spoon

Knowledge

Understanding basic water purification methods, such as boiling, chemical treatment, and filtration. Familiarity with local water sources and potential contaminants.

Step-by-Step Instructions or Key Techniques

Collecting Rainwater

  1. Prepare Containers: Clean plastic containers thoroughly. Ensure they are free of any residues that could contaminate the water.
  2. Position Containers: Place containers in areas where they can collect rainwater. Consider elevating containers to prevent contamination from ground runoff.
  3. Filter Water: Use a water filter to remove debris and microorganisms. Pour collected rainwater through the filter into clean storage containers.
  4. Disinfect Water: Add 8 drops of unscented bleach per gallon of water. Stir thoroughly and let sit for at least 30 minutes before use.

Creating a Solar Still

  1. Gather Materials: A large plastic sheet, a container to hold the water, and a smaller container to collect the distilled water.
  2. Set Up Still: Place the larger container in a sunny area. Fill it with contaminated water or moist soil. Place the smaller container in the center of the larger one.
  3. Cover with Plastic: Stretch the plastic sheet over the larger container, securing the edges tightly. Place a small rock in the center of the plastic to create a depression over the smaller container.
  4. Collect Water: As the sun heats the water or soil, it evaporates and condenses on the plastic. The condensed water drips into the smaller container, providing distilled water.

Building a Water Filter

  1. Prepare Filter Layers: Collect materials for filter layers such as sand, gravel, and activated charcoal.
  2. Assemble Filter: Drill holes in the bottom of a plastic container. Place a layer of gravel at the bottom, followed by sand and charcoal. Cover with a mesh to prevent clogging.
  3. Pour Water Through: Slowly pour contaminated water through the filter. Collect the filtered water in a clean container.
  4. Disinfect Water: After filtering, disinfect the water using bleach or boiling.

Common Mistakes and How to Avoid Them

  • Not Cleaning Containers Properly: Always wash containers thoroughly before use to prevent contamination. Rinse with clean water and dry completely.
  • Incorrect Bleach Concentration: Use the correct amount of bleach to avoid over-treatment. Too much bleach can make water unsafe to drink.
  • Insufficient Filtration: Ensure each layer of the filter is thick enough to remove contaminants effectively. Regularly replace filter materials to maintain efficiency.
  • Exposure to Contaminants: Keep water containers away from potential contaminants like soil or animal waste. Elevate containers to prevent contamination from ground runoff.

Variations, Tips, or Related Techniques Worth Knowing

  • Emergency Water Sources: In addition to rainwater and solar stills, consider using dew collection or melting snow as alternative water sources.
  • Portable Water Filters: Invest in portable water filters for hiking or camping trips. These can be invaluable in emergency situations.
  • Water Storage: Store water in dark containers to prevent algae growth. Rotate water every six months to ensure freshness.
  • Emergency Water Purification Kits: Keep emergency water purification kits on hand, which can include tablets, filters, and other supplies.
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