Why This Skill Matters in an Emergency or Survival Situation

Administering epinephrine is crucial in an emergency or survival situation where someone is experiencing anaphylaxis, a severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction. Anaphylaxis can occur due to allergies to food, insect stings, medications, or latex. Without prompt treatment, anaphylaxis can lead to anaphylactic shock, which can be fatal. Knowing how to administer epinephrine can save a life.

What You Need

Materials and Tools

  • Epinephrine auto-injector (such as EpiPen or Adrenaclick)
  • Emergency contact information and medical ID bracelet or card
  • Clean cloth or tissue
  • Emergency medical kit

Knowledge

  • Understanding of anaphylaxis symptoms: hives, swelling, difficulty breathing, rapid pulse, dizziness, or loss of consciousness
  • Ability to recognize signs of anaphylaxis in yourself or others
  • Familiarity with the location of epinephrine auto-injectors in your environment

Step-by-Step Instructions or Key Techniques

  1. Identify Anaphylaxis: Quickly assess if the person is experiencing anaphylaxis. Look for symptoms such as hives, swelling, difficulty breathing, rapid pulse, dizziness, or loss of consciousness.
  2. Prepare the Auto-Injector: Remove the auto-injector from its protective case. Do not remove the safety cap until you are ready to administer the injection.
  3. Administer the Injection: Hold the auto-injector in your dominant hand. Place the tip of the auto-injector against the middle of the outer thigh, through clothing if necessary. Press firmly and hold for 3 seconds. You will hear a click or feel a click as the injection is administered.
  4. Release the Auto-Injector: Remove the auto-injector from the thigh and massage the injection site for 10 seconds. Dispose of the used auto-injector in a sharps container.
  5. Seek Immediate Medical Attention: Call emergency services immediately after administering the epinephrine. Inform the emergency responders that the person has received epinephrine and is still in need of medical care.
  6. Monitor the Person: Keep the person lying down and elevate their legs if they are conscious. If the person does not respond to the first injection, a second injection can be given in the other thigh after 5 minutes if symptoms persist.

Common Mistakes and How to Avoid Them

  • Delaying Administration: Do not hesitate to use the epinephrine if you suspect anaphylaxis. Delaying can worsen the condition.
  • Incorrect Injection Site: Ensure the injection is given in the outer thigh. Avoid injecting into the buttocks or other areas.
  • Not Seeking Further Medical Care: Always call emergency services after administering epinephrine. The person may need additional treatment.
  • Using Expired or Damaged Auto-Injectors: Check the expiration date and condition of the auto-injector before use. Replace any auto-injectors that are past their expiration date or damaged.

Variations, Tips, or Related Techniques Worth Knowing

  • Multiple Auto-Injectors: Carry two auto-injectors if prescribed. Anaphylaxis can sometimes require a second dose.
  • Practice with Training Devices: Practice using a training device to become familiar with the auto-injector. This can help reduce anxiety and improve confidence during an emergency.
  • Inform Others: Make sure friends, family, and coworkers know how to use your epinephrine auto-injector in case you are unable to administer it yourself.
  • Carry Emergency Information: Always carry a card or bracelet with your medical information and any allergies you have.

TLDR

Administering epinephrine for anaphylaxis can save a life. Quickly identify symptoms, prepare and use the auto-injector correctly, and seek immediate medical attention.

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